What is Menstruation?

Menstruation is the visible manifestation of cyclicalphysiological uterine bleeding due to shedding ofendometrium

Age of menstrual (The 1st Menstruation)

• The first Menstruation occurs between 11 & 15 years witha mean age of 13 years.
• Nowadays, the age of menstrual is gradually declining withimprovement of nutrition & environmental condition

Regular period

• Cyclically at interval of 21-35 days with a mean of 28 days
• Duration of menstruation is about 4-5 days
• And amount of blood loss is estimated to be 20-80 ML with average 35 ml.
• so, beyond this criterion of regular periods, it can be abnormal period in duration, internal or amount of blood loss.

Polymenorrhea

when menstrual cycle is reduced to arbitrary limit of less than 21 days &remains constant at that frequency.

Oligomenorrhea

Menstrual bleeding occurring more than 35 days apart &remains constant at that frequency

Menorrhagia

when cyclical measures at normal internals, is either excessive in amount (780 ml) or duration (> 7 days) or both.

Handling 1^st period

• Sympathetic& careful including of young girls experiencing 1st period is of paramount importance
• This should be done by mother
• The girls should continue their normal activities
• Girls should use sanitary pads comfortable for better hygiene

Puberty

Puberty is the period which links childhood to adulthood.

Five important physical changes are:

• Growth of breasts
• Pubic & Auxiliary hair growth
• Growth in height
• Menstruation

Hygiene standards of periods

• Use of disposable pads are cited to be reliable,hygienic, comfortable, easy to use &require noaccess to water of cleaning.
• Pads should be disposed after a maximum of 8hours because on prolonged water it can beassociated with reproductive tract infections asblood is goodmedium for growth of bacteria fungus.
• After changes of each pad private parts shouldbe washed with water.

PMS (Premenstrual syndrome)

Psycho Neuro Endocrine disorders of unknown reason, offer noticed just prior to menstruation

Common symptoms of PMS

• Irritability
• Mood swings
• Anxiety
• Tearfulness
• Headache
• Angry
• Tiredness
• Sleep disturbance
• abdominal bloating
• breast tenderness
• swelling of extremities

Management of PMS

• yoga
• Stress Management
• Healthy diet
• Avoid salt, caffeine in 2nd half ofcycle

PCOS

• Polycystic ovary syndrome is manifested byOligomenorrhea hirsutism and obesity associated with Polycystic ovaries
• Causes include genetic & environmental factors